##VIDEO ID:GMt0Ce1Eluo## e e you dep I'd like to welcome everybody to our August 7th uh city council meeting please rise for the flag salute for oury mayor Karen us in prayer Heavenly Father we thank you for this time together we thank you for the Sun in the sky the cool ocean water and the Beautiful White Sands May our feet walk on sandy beaches and our heads rest on thick thick grass under blue skies may we listen to and Marvel at the singing of the birds and stop to watch Blissful children have play we thank you for our families our friends and our police firefighters and lifeguards who keep us safe we ask that you bless us all and we praise you for this beautiful island you have entrusted us with in your name we pray amen ly can you read the open public meeting Acts announc tiger any for ex session no executive session I need our approval of our July 10th 2024 counil meeting minutes motion second questions or comments seeing none can we have broke call you yes yesy yes delain yes yes approval of position list operating expenses motion second questions or comments seeing none can we have bro call you yes yes yes yes yes Sarah yes all right this time we'll open it up for public com next up we have ordinance number 11 of 2024 public hearing and adoption and this is a vond ordinance providing for various improvements to the water and sewer utility in and by the city of Brigantine in the county of Atlantic New Jersey appropriating 8, 960,000 therefore and authorizing the issuance of 8,9 160,000 bonds or notes of the city to finance theost project we have motion second second all right this time we'll open up the public hearing anybody wishing to be heard on the spot ORS please come up state your name and address for the all right seeing no public participation we're going to close public portion Council is this on the bond Bo yeah so at the end of the meeting you'll have opportunity to talk about City issues the public hearing right now strictly to the B any counil coms all right seeing none we have R you yes yes yes yes yes yes we have ordinance number 12 of 2024 this is also a public hearing and adoption and this ISS a bond ordinance providing for various Capital Improvements in and by the city of Brigantine and the county of Atlantic New Jersey approa 17,21 18,800 therefore and authorizing the issuance of 16, 35786 in bonds or notes of the city to finance part of the cost their we have a motion second I'll make that all right at this time we'll open it up for public hearing anybody wishing to be heard on this Bond ordinance please come up state your name and address for the record all right seeing no public participation we're going to close the public portion any councel comments all right seeing none can we have roll call you yes Terry yesy yes dely yes Kane yes yes Sarah yes resolution 224-1 138 this is amending the city of Brigantine 2024 year Municipal budget by the insertion of a special item of Revenue and appropriation from the state of New Jersey for the American Rescue plan firefighter Grant this is in the amount of 75,000 motion second questions or comments seeing none can we have roll call you yes yesy yes yes Kan yes yes Sarah yes car resolution 2024 139 this is amending the city of Brigantine 2024 Municipal budget by the insertion of a special item of Revenue and appropriation from the state of New Jersey safe and secure this is in the amount of $2,575 we have motion second questions or comments seeing none we have roll call you yes yes yes yes yes sah yes resolution 2024-the cbis benefits and insurance services Inc to provide Deferred Compensation Plan to the city of Brigantine employees Brigantine New Jersey this is at no cost to the city we have a motion second questions or comments seeing none can we have roll call you yes yes hany yes dely yes Kane yesan yes may Sarah yes resolution 20241 141 and this is a resolution by the city Brigantine New Jersey authorizing a contract with h2m Architects and Engineers for lead service line replacement program phases nine and 10 public Outreach in random sampling plan Brig te New Jersey uh this is in the amount of $12,200 we have motion second questions or comments uh one thing I'd like to add a big part of this is for public educ we're applying for grant money through the state of New Jersey it has been indicated from the state state of New Jersey we hire a professional company to do the public Outreach and education of the public that it would give us higher standing or a better opportunity to get better State funding so we want to make sure that we do that try to overcut or undercut costs for the project for Grant that's a big part of this all right we have roll call yes yes yes yes yes yes resolution 2024 d142 bless uh this is a resolution by the city of Brigantine design CM services for reconstruction of 45th Street code and 45th Street and this is to Arthur CH Consulting in the amount of 29,32 5 motion second I'll make that Mo second questions or comments I just want to say I'm glad to see this I know good people down on 45th Street Co there no other comments we have roll call you yes yes yes yes yes yes yes resolution 224-1 143 and this is a board of contract with uh property pilot LLC doing business as gov pilot Building Code Enforcement fire prevention dog license land use software and installation and this is in a do not exceed amount of 37,000 have motion second questions or comments see n we have yes yes yes yes yes resolution 144 and this is a resolution rejecting bids received for a pole barn for the police and fire departments uh when the bids came in the payment well over our anticipated cost so our Engineers recommendation was to have a motion second questions or comments seeing none we have roll yes yes yes yes yes Sarah yes resolution 2024 d145 this is a CPR Camp bring tetin refund motion second questions or comments n we have roll call yes yes yes yes yes may Sarah yes resolution 2024 d146 and this is real estate tax refunds we have motion second questions or comments same none we have roll call yes yes yes yes yes yes s yes next up we have our consent agenda uh on the consent agenda we have the marine mammals tranding Center raffle license numbers 1075 and 1076 we have 100 uh Block 20th Street block party request and the Atlantis C BL party request motion second question comments see none we have roll call you yes yes yes yesan yes Sarah yes all right next up we have our Council manager committee discussions no mayor nothing to discuss yeah bar I just want to thank uh everybody uh off last night National Night Out uh all the Civic organizations C from the city departments everybody made it a huge success um I have to thank detective pole and Sergeant Odon who they do a lot of the leg work the pre-planning leg work and all that stuff so I want to thank that I do wanna thank uh Mad Dog Morgans as well Morgan family was there and they just for free they just uh we supply the food and they just they keep cooking until it's gone they do it every year they even go as far as to put a tip jar out and they donate it right back to the PBA Charities and that goes right back the community so thanks to the community they came out in full force it was probably the biggest one so just want to thank everybody Chief I can tell you probably one of the best national flights outs' ever had vendors I thought the carnival up there slides really fun I think um big fan favorite was having Jersey count Starbucks there I think it so and a lot of community support and like you said volunteers really go to our Deputy Mayor Karen right uh again congratulations on departments least fire Public Works it it was awesome night um Good Luck to the beach Patrol over the on Monday in the South jerseys um next concert down at the C is Thursday August 22nd it be the brend of ass and the swing at out bring a beach chair sit out alongside of the community center and watch the concert Farmers Market as always Saturday morning hopefully the rain will be gone by then and also next Saturday August 17th besides being the triathlon it is also had been on the schedule a clean community and that day we're also going to be naming it Joe campelli day and they're gonna have a big ceremony thanking Joe Capelli for many many years of service to communities and the that get another Stand Down by the promade talks with the chief he said probably move down to about 11 shout out to the Oaks first of all all the uh the work that they do everybody supporting our El's Lodge and maril our rer I see you out WR crowd here tonight thank you for being here um our scholarship recipients uh are just they're just very lucky to uh beneficiaries of the generosity of the just veterans and elderly and handicapped in world that so thank you uh South Jersey caner fund on July 27th at its 60th anniversary it started here in another big shout out to Katie finnean who the main and a wonderful job all the other designes there it's a lot of work there's a great crowd showed up Chief was looking for you got there a little later but uh it was a really nice crowd and a good evening so thank you that's it everybody else of course thanking congratulating our partments and all Civic groups involved last night extremely well attended very popular extra congratulations for thanks to the police department for organization so as well thanks for the sign that was posted the flash sign a good message given that we have you number of people biking walking traveling and occasionally Farm has been absolutely packed fantastic night I gota say an amazing job thank mayor first thank everybody for coming out tonight appreciate it and uh other than that not a whole lot the arch Festival is coming up here for the cultural arts that starts September 7th they're going to have reception down there for like one three down the community center cl to the 21st Economic Development moving forward got some speakers coming in next months for Grants and all see do believe mayor has any problems you know where to find me on the front page there bantine times my number's right there call me anytime and I'm a little dis appointed about the triathlon getting moved next week I was all ready to you know participate this Saturday I didn't say swimming bikeing a ride but hanging out cheering the people on so so make plans for next Saturday for the tri time thanks think that yeah as uh Mike said the trons move to next Saturday which is the 17th also for the South Jersey lifeguard races they've been to Monday and all of this is related to Mak keep people safe uh want to let Council know uh working with um our attorney next counil meting which would give Council the ability to wave for people so uh we actually had it ready just before this meeting but I didn't pop on everybody but that would uh not only set us up bom there's ever any other events that are Sim that but that'll be at the next council meeting we'll have that consideration that forward that we can be a public hearing 20 days for anyone who's building bulkheads in that time period you say you started the process now we can actually make it retroactive so pay the fee once we had the ability to pass it we have to do as possible uh for uh the closure we had to restrict some of the area and I know some people here this had to restrict some of the area Beach um if you haven't been down there there's de is been coming up it's getting worse worse tied there's concrete there's rebar there's asphalt we're not sure that's come from could have been buried there the better part of the century we want to make sure safe one of the biggest issues come entrance walk get have try to work with Works our city engineer address it biggest challeng obvious structures also there's of regulations pick up it's not buried if it has to be excavated you actually need for that what our concern too is part of it what is a sand our engineer has actually been on the phone one of the things we have to take consideration too is with the erosion that's going on start to escate structure does speed up theion uh also work publics um weing some updated signs want to shrink that area down um so it's not from shink that down access closed for right now safety drop I've talked with city manager city manager to how we shrink that area down whether it's we have to wait for the sence to no offense the area need blast access down there especially to the outall that's out there spoke with our previous mayor he said uh last time we had erosion similar to this was about 2011 he said but the outfall pipe was never exposed none of this was exposed had experien this before I talked to Senator Palestina uh he had had uh D commission dep Transportation was here a couple weeks back to look at the area they minor dring project which Dred spoils from that basically from our beach I've requested for them to put that up so ideally if they would Dred put that sand in that area that would be a big help he said he's follow up commissioner again this week so follow up next Monday uh talk with uh Congressman V Drew staff to let them know about the issues that's going on down there to try to speak up their um approach to this so he said he's going to follow up with dep going on had further that area NBC News was down there one the biggest things we talked about is not just the debris in the intern but also the erosion one how rapidly it's happened two the safety issues to people's homes that are there and one of the questions that was asked Point Blank um reporter asked he said well what's the turnaround time for the federal government I said this is the most frustrating part they told us at best it's three years just into the study I said that is very very frustrating for people who were wored hurricane season coming off so hopefully that media attention will help us kind of speed things along our city engineers in contact with hate talk them about the issue anytime you close beaches you have to work with them um we're trying to move these projects along as fast as possible um but it's tough when we dealing with all these different government agencies I'm hoping that the senator has success with the do commissioner because I think that'll help some of the immediate needs uh so I'm going to follow up with him and I will definitely keep everybody posted uh as soon as we have a little bit more information on the process of waving those permit needs we will have something on the agenda the next council meeting for Council to vote on um we want to look at it too and I don't want to rush it because one of the things the deputy city manager brought up and I hadn't considered as one we were looking at bulkheads there are some people who have Decks that go out to the property line and they have to do something to I guess redo those decks are there separate permits that are connected with that make sure that that correctly so that's why we're not rushing it and as I said would have the ability because I believe there's one or two people who have already started the process to um refund um any fees that are paid if if we do intend if Council does intend to support weight to use fees in that area time so we keep everybody posted on that sure this time we'll open it up to the Public Public comment please come up state name and address for the record now would be the appropriate time oh one second let me just tell John John we started construction on the Public Works building so make sure started John's been asking us for years so as soon as he raised his hand I'm sorry go ahead you're now it's my name's I'm at now since right next to B where you blocked off which is great I'm children's Street like so if it's the street end instead if it is our street at because I know we're doing the street obviously manag into that and that's something so we appreciate Ed I could do came up came pipes there City it was City it's hard whatever so I there during that there were big thank you Ken for your you wied Mrs kvit reference here in through the curtains at Samantha and thank you for your uh nursing skills and your caring for the children but I could I'd like Le service change so exactly what is broke project up 10 phases uh first two phases are identifying what properties the lines actually need to change I think in uh phases nine and 10 we have to go out and do some sampl because the information records we have were in Fe so we have to go out and actually physically look at the pipes to see what people have so that's part of that pH as you said this is something that is being mandated by the state of New Jersey so it's 10 then the last pH right now yeah it's 10 phases total starting we're actually starting in the middle because theom in the a zone are actually the oldest on the island so phases are broken out by the oldest first and they do jump around a little bit based on the way the island develop I don't have that do we really know if there is a start date I don't have the speciic start getting d I can tell that project's fully funded which phase been right now I believe the the last award was for the design of it I don't know if it's been awarded construction but I if you want to give me your number after number update on that yeah so that it's funed the design design done to for construction that's one of the things like do it Hess as fast as possible one of the neighbors had a so yeah that's something we've been asking for so we're asking my understanding of the jetty is that the jetty has actually settled I don't have the exact numbers I believe it was originally intended to be at what's called elevation 8 jett's over time settling spread I believe it's at roughly elevation seven right now so we've been back and forth with the Army the Army Corp deced the Jenny somewhere in the 90s and turned it over to the state of New Jersey and Atlantic Ci technically the Jett is not even bring te we're working with the Army core and the DP to come up with so part of it is they have to do a study we've told them here's the issue they then have to do a study that comes up with outcomes that they can act on one so one of the things we've asked them to do is to raise raise the height of the jetty and also cap it right to to give it some structure because we believe that that's what's going to add the best protection uh to the homes that are there so that is part of the process that we're going through right now with both the army so they yeah they're not gonna so what they've told me is it takes probably about three years to do the study we're hoping to move this along quicker it's not it it will not be after now if the senator has the ability to make that happen I will be very grateful but speaking directly with the Army Corps that is what they let us know one of the things I always say about the federal government they move big we can sorry yeah so we can wave local fees the D has agreed to expedite process they they will not weigh the Fe sorry but we're going to do we're going to do our part we did ask and they said no yeah we did try many if iur rumor guess what I'm saying is rather challenging is that our city engineer wouldn't have that so that has to come from do um we're bringing up old studies that were done my understanding back in 2014 that the U Army Corps had an interest when they were doing the seaw wall on the other side Atlantic City to do one here um from speaking with some because I wasn't on Council in 2014 speaking to some of the members at that time uh there actually the homeowners behind there actually didn't want to see W behind their house because they didn't want people back so since there wasn't a local partner the Army Corps moved away from that because that was something when I brought this back up the Army Corps actually asked they said well is this something the home owners want we don't have a local partner we're not doing this I was like I I can tell you from emails and Communications I've had with them owners they want this done so as long as everybody's okay with this they want to move this forward and we've been trying to share all of the information that we have that's why we send everything writing and letters I would say the first thing if there's specific questions that you have you send them to me I can make sure engine has them I think one of the challenges with public meeting right now don't really have to share if there's specific questions you have if we can answer them we can or we can try to get that information but that's really the Army core is driving force behind us they would need to make those decisions and that's that's the challenging the SE I mean I find out I don't know how that works so I just I don't know I can find out but I don't know I don't know if we'd be able to say hey this is design we use for Street end this is the design I from D is that really you should hire an engineer with postal management experience and I think it comes to down to a liability issue we give design that design fails now we have liability I don't know that the city would take that one of the challenges is um we can't force somebody to put they do a %s b and unfortunately we have B say proba the first step is send me what the specific questions is as I said the biggest challenge is all the information we have at this time has been shared so I don't know what share if you have specific information specific questions if it's something that the city of britin has share that but it may be something that has to come because I believe letter there was contact information really they're the governing body because they make the determination pits not us and so we go through that same process with them as thank you very much if there no other public comment public Andrea Sullivan 2000 Ocean Avenue speaking of blast from the past with the said Bewitched Dennis you got the Sergeant Carter going from D pile you know I mean you know what I've been sitting here so much I'm back I guess I guess all of you got my emails my email about um the two-day Str Str rental periods there just some way all of you I I I beg you to go home and sleep on expanding the two-day rental minimum to seven days because the rumor is I was just down the Stone Harbor I used been down there with some friends this is just people talking B has developed a reputation kind of like is the two-day rental Mecca because not on anybody else is really doing it CL City yeah you can go there stay nightly maybe vent or three days but we're becoming the hub for two-day weekend rentals and the two days you could say yeah it could be midweek it could be this it could be that two days is simply a weekend party booking Friday and Saturday nights I don't care how you water it down that's what's coming after the season now we've been lucky so far this season few exceptions mostly weekly bookings but once the Summer's over we know what goes down now we're gonna have the weekend crws coming in after the season and prior to the season so with that I'm just I just ask you to revisit you made a s day minimum all this craziness would evaporate and we get back to saying W families groups of friends have them down for the week they patronize businesses they don't say self- rain they don't go rooftops have ping ear pong you know on the peak of the house sit side by side with lightning rods anyway so with that being said two days whatever Stone oh I told about Stone Okay so I also was questioning perhap another property oh Dennis I I texted you earlier there's a property on two 3000 I think 2007 it's between 31st and 30th on Ocean Avenue on the west side that property has a dumpster sitting there it's been dormant for about three or four months with construction and like forers is propping up and I don't know if it's fenced off I worry about however it's getting hurt and it's like I think it might be like it's an ey Source certainly it's a nuisance to the neighborhood it's looks like it's been abandoned I don't know if they run out of money or whatever because some of some of the folks have email sent to me pictures I can I can text you a picture but I think you know where it is Tiger do you know what I'm talking about have you seen it I know the area but I don't remember yeah it's right on the Alley between 31st and 30th on the west side I did reply to yeah yeah I reach on every because it was late in the day but I thought maybe you knew something before the meeting right it's the first uh notice I got of it yeah it's for months which is weird I thought they'd be working on the summer because you can tell that the skids apply with on the lawn the grass grows up around it they've all weathered is the dumpster in the street or D no it's on the Alley it's on the Alley it's kind of I don't know if it's actually coming into the alley just a little bit but it's it's it's open it's not covered and it's but there's no no activity and all I will have all the sun weathered it's been abandoned kind of look anyway other than that I just I'm just asking you seven days if you went to seven days because everybody's bracing for the winter craziness um because we know the two-day rentals are going to start coming in I mean some of these sites you can actually go online and you could even though it says you're supposed to be like two day whatever you can probably somehow go around and get a one day booking but still it's a weekend party we become the Mecca on the Jersey coast for the party weekends other than that I'm just going to keep coming to the mic ask please seven days hi ho hi ho today R got to go right up sorry can you hear me now usually I'm loud enough that I don't need a microphone own onac step yeah I mean thank and the town serious condition I would like to say thank you attend the SE Grant newey except how about this I'll give an update on the gas station once we close PHS 308 27 Street first tur what is the city's positionning the still waiting for to do something what is the city doing in says you know going town to town getting people pass resolution our County Executive has said that he wants to hear from every municipality before he takes action and because my understanding is the Commissioners who just follow Den toties um I can tell you know that it's public uh Congress VRE is be hosting a congressional hearing right here in Brigantine at the school on Bush and wind he's gonna have several members of Congress that are here in New te as well as uh experts and Witnesses and I believe have someone friend an tuck comeing down to speak about the disaster so I'll make sure that that information the dates get out but he just released it so the date it's Tuesday the 13th and it's going to be 1 pm at the Brigantine Community I'll make sure that we share everything online so post that's the 11 12 the 13 Tuesday the 13 next Tuesday one PM yeah at the Brigantine Community School I would get there a little early anticipate anywhere from 500 to a thousand people showing off e it's it's is it going to be advertised uh Congressman VRE just put it out in the press release we're gonna all push it out through social media and share with so I've just been waiting for him to push it out before we talk about well the members of the County Board coming so they will all be invited our County Executive has been invited our legislative team has all been invited make sure that eled officials 13th you are correct Tuesday the 13 yeah I just I didn't want to steal his Thunder it's his EV releas that that we need all the push we can get absolutely second topic not too long ago the former mayor of V at our city planner made the statement that these business activities our commercial GRS in a residential Zone does this board agree with I told you by the state of New Jersey and our attorney can answer this better but state of New Jersey defines short-term rentals as they def it at theal yeah non-commercial do you have that statute and that ruling that statement and writing that we can see yeah do you have my email me but that should be open to everybody that needs to be discussed what else can be commercial residential I mean these are operating online and again the recommendation is to have a s day minimum stay not two nights you're only asking for trouble do that my question to you is why are you refusing to go gentlemen and L because it makes no sense it's bringing this up she had concerns not just now but the Turtles were I say this bring that up a little later serious but if you could take this information and digest it think about it I agree with um Mrs PHS and here in support lot of research and it seems like we're not the only ones dealing with this situationship we are not this is happening Nationwide World municipalities and cities large cities small revisiting their ordinances and restri property values properties that are now become prohibitive for young families and even families are doing well only have to look at Avalon Stone 1500 year round residents in stone so our fears is that's where we're headed because of a lot of that has to do with shortterm rent airbnbs and property obviously we know that's what's happening so if I may just to show you that we're not the only ones dealing with this every city that I read off has Revisited severely restricted and there's nothing under a 7day rental period mostly 30 days pass 0 minimum New York City two c and the owner must be in the property and that caused a lot of properties in Jersey City and theirs Austin Boston s San Diego San s Savannah Seattle Phoenix San Diego Tampa Nashville we hawk New Jersey one of those has restricted Airbnb rentals to seven days or what most of them are 30 days some much more restricted like 90 days in New York City in each and every case each and every case where Federal upheld company airb challenge Jersey cities ordinance and upheld courts upheld for Jersey City they have the right to regulate Airbnb and Rental products now the question is does know your five minutes out it doesn't reduce property values in the sense that it still has economic value you can still rent the property for a long teration that's the AR a lot more information but thank you guys for doing a great job was wonderful night if there's no other public comment Clos public portion uh follow up on the cono station um the so the canopy that's over the gas pumps we've deemed it's unsafe structure we're concerned that it could fall down the sign itself has already come down our construction official went out there inspected it believes it's an unsafe structure we've put fencing underneath of it to block off the pumps the owner is unresponsive so it's it's owned by an investment group they do not live in the state of New Jersey we have tried to contact them try to work with them intermittent invest in their respon they want to take no responsibility for we're going to take them to court we have to go to court twice because we know they're not going to show up the first time go to court twice then we get an order to demo just the canopy we're going to take that canopy down close up the building the building the building itself is safe and fine the pumps themselves were actually G to cover them up so right now they put the covers back on them but then somebody spray painted no gas cross looks terrible we're actually going to um close them in and plywood paint it white uh what we'd like to do is maybe have somebody from the um from the cultural uh similar to what we've done with the electrical box maybe like paint something nice on there where if Dunkin Donuts wants to put a nice advertisement we're going to seal that up and make it nice uh we are still working with the the um D the D has uh sent inspectors down they're actually going to come down I believe either this week or next week probably next week because of the weather now they're going to drill a well and so what they're going to do is they're going to drill down on the ground and test if there's any soil contamination we're concerned that those the owner had to walk away for a reason we're concerned that there might be an issue with tanks we make sure that there's no issues with the tanks there are several people who have actually offered to buy it the owner either doesn't respond or has what they've reported to me is the owners asked for something astronomical so we're trying to work that through the process has been a great partner Senator paa's office has been helping us with that so we're moving on that as fast as possible Dunkin Donuts has been amazing Dunkin Donuts corporate has been amazing they've been helping us to actually clean and maintain property there so it doesn't look as bad so we're going to continue on that path and um like I said we'll we'll keep people posted once we have the results from the D um we'll have an idea some people have asked us why we don't just foreclose them property the D has told us under no circumstances should for close the property if we take the property the city of bre team would be responsible for any tanks which could be millions of dollars that is not fair to the taxpayers honestly me personally people had the gas station theyve made money off it they should be responsible for it not just walk away and leave everybody else holding back so that's why we're we're taking the steps we're taken so we'll keep people posted as we Mo through that process definitely app appreciate people's patience as we move through government moving in the right direction yeah they're being fine yeah we're we're finding them weekly and I believe the DP is also finding that so any work that we do there we're putting needs against the property if it is ever sold municipalities are first leave owners get paid first then get all if there's a any are there any other Council comments may I just want to say uh certainly always uh some interesting some points of interest brought up by our residents citizenry and at the same time serious concerns but it's nice to see the people to kind of keep it LO at times couple me TV references between uh Bewitched and gmer pile I don't think we ever had anything quite like that so right anyway thank you for that but thank you for your concerns too I just want to say one thing I kind of just looked up jersey City's Airbnb rules and I could be wrong but it says here that the maximum amount nights that an unposted homeowner grent 60 nights it doesn't say anything about minimum night stay and it says that if you're uh if you're own or occupied there's no restrictions so I mean I I could be wrong but you know that I don't see the 60 minimum jur I would say you guys want to talk because we're not in the public session and the irony is is this is your rule right so Council R is coming back but if you guys want to talk at the end of the meeting that would be perfect all right there's no further uh Council comments we have a motion to adjourn all in favor I any post seeing none thank you for coming out watching your Council team work